Cenerentola e la scarpetta di pelle di scoiattolo
Ricordiamo tutti quel punto esatto della favola:
“La fata sorrise e disse:
– Piuttosto, ti mancano ancora delle scarpette, degne di questi piedini così piccoli e graziosi – e così ai piedi di Cenerentola comparvero delle magnifiche scarpette di cristallo che le calzavano alla perfezione.”
Ma siamo davvero sicuri che le scarpette in questione siano state di cristallo?
D’altronde, come ci fece notare Honoré de Balzac nel suo romanzo Sur Catherine de Médicis è effettivamente un po’ difficile e surreale che una fanciulla possa danzare tutta la notte su delle scarpette così delicate.
E come dargli torto tant’è che sulla questione ci sono stati non pochi dibattiti.
La fiaba di Cenerentola si sa, ha fatto davvero sognare tutti, grandi e piccini ed esattamente per questo motivo ha avuto, nel corso della storia, diverse versioni provenienti da tutto il mondo ma, udite udite, nessuna delle versioni più antiche della fiaba fa riferimento ad una scarpetta di cristallo. Difficile a credersi ma è davvero così.
Pensate che la versione più antica del racconto risalente all’antico Egitto, quella che ha ispirato la storia che oggi tutti conosciamo, racconta che la cortigiana Rodopi perse un saldalo mentre era intenta con le ancelle a farsi un bagno perché rubatole da un’aquila e che il faraone Psammetico, incuriosito da quel sandalo per la sua fattura e grandezza, decise che avrebbe sposato la fanciulla al quale apparteneva.
Ma non è finita qui.
Nel IX secolo, quando lo scrittore cinese Duan Chengshi ha raccontato la storia di Ye Xian, un’orfana costretta a vivere con la sua matrigna e ad essere trattata come una schiava, il sandalo si è trasformato in una scarpetta con i fili d’oro e le solette in oro massiccio, nella versione scozzese Rashie-Coat sono di paglia mentre in quella italiana firmata da Gianbattista Vico si parla di pianelle. Insomma, tutte versioni diverse e neppure l’ombra della scarpetta di cristallo.
Il primo a parlare di una scarpetta di cristallo fu lo scrittore francese Charles Perrault che nella sua Cendrillon ou la Petite Pantoufle de verre trasforma il sandalo in una pantoufle de verre appunto, ovvero nelle tanto amate scarpette di cristallo. Secondo alcuni però, il famoso scrittore appartenente all’alta borghesia e già autore di altre novelle pubblicate a nome del figlio diciassettenne, non fece altro che commettere un errore di battitura poiché pare che il racconto medievale al quale si ispirò, parlasse di pantofole di vair.
Tale termine, che deriva dal latino varius “variopinto”, secondo l’Oxford English Dictionary fu usato, almeno fino al 300, sia in inglese che in francese per indicare la tonalità variopinta della pelliccia invernale di una specie molto particolare di scoiattolo. Una pelliccia molto pregiata e riservata principalmente ai re e all’ordine cavalleresco durante il medioevo.
Insomma, pare si sia parlato di un errore orografico tra vair e verre ma l’appartenenza di Perrault all’Académie Française parrebbe scongiurare tale errore, nonostante l’evidente omofonia tra le due parole in questione. Con ogni probabilità la “svista” dello scrittore francese fu assolutamente voluta e infondo è stato un bene. Egli infatti migliorò Cenerentola sotto tanti punti di vista, non solo aggiungendo quel tocco di magia che è possibile notare con i topi, la zucca e la fata madrina, quanto eliminando quel retrogusto macabro presente nella Cenerentola medievale.
Nella favola che lo ha ispirato infatti, le sorellastre, pur di entrare nelle famosissime scarpette di molto più piccole del loro piede, si amputarono gli alluci e per punizione il re, dopo che ebbe sposato Cenerentola, le costrinse a ballare tutta la notte in scarpe di ferro incandescenti portandole alla morte. Un tocco macabro che sarà ripreso dai fratelli Grimm.
Infondo non importa se sia stato o meno un errore, tanto comunque non lo sapremo mai. Quel che però è bello notare è che la famosa scarpetta ha finito per rivestire un simbolo nell’immaginario collettivo: solo un piede al mondo ha potuto indossarla alla perfezione perché per quel piede era stata creata così come il principe non può che amare solo il cuore di Cenerentola perché solo per lui era stato creato.
Adele De Prisco
Vedi anche: Dietro ogni principessa c’è una donna vera
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